International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Strategic Studies https://www.ijistra.com/journal <p>International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Strategic Studies (IJISTRA) is a peer-reviewed online journal (e-ISSN: 2735-0398) dedicated to provide a specialised open access platform for critical discourses on national, regional and international strategic affairs in the study of national power. <br /><br />The study of national power is an interdisciplinary study on how nations or states develop and utilise their resources such as population, geography and natural resources through all domains of national capabilities such as religion and ideology, politics and governance, urban and rural development, health and education, history and culture, science and technology, economy and industry, media and communication, international relations as well as security and defense to pursue national interests and uphold their sovereignty.<br /><br />IJISTRA publishes research articles, book reviews, keynote speeches and lectures as well as think pieces or commentaries that can contribute towards or extend the frontiers of, scholarly debate of various issues and topics in the study of national power. IJISTRA is published, owned and sponsored by Interdisciplinary Research &amp; Strategic Studies (IRIS) Institute, an independent and non-profit research center established in 2015.</p> <p><strong>Publication Dates</strong>: May and October</p> <p><strong>Language:</strong> Malay, Arabic and English</p> <p><img src="http://ijistra.com/public/site/images/hanis_noor93/myjurnal.png" alt="" width="202" height="46" /><img src="http://ijistra.com/public/site/images/hanis_noor93/cross.jpg" alt="" width="202" height="46" /><img src="http://ijistra.com/public/site/images/hanis_noor93/gs.png" alt="" width="184" height="42" /><img src="https://ijistra.com/public/site/images/webmaster/logo-citefactor.png" /><img src="https://www.ijistra.com/public/site/images/wafiq5453/journal-stories-edit.png" /></p> en-US editor.ijistra@gmail.com (Adilah Zafirah) hilminaza@gmail.com (Zulhilmi Nazar) Fri, 31 Oct 2025 10:55:05 +0000 OJS 3.2.1.1 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 Menilai Semula Konsep Kedaulatan di Malaysia https://www.ijistra.com/journal/article/view/104 <p>Ucapan pembukaan ini disampaikan dalam Dialog Kuasa Nasional Siri 3 yang dianjurkan oleh IRIS Institute pada 7 Mei 2025. Ia meneliti secara kritikal asas-asas konseptual kedaulatan di Malaysia melalui kerangka kuasa nasional. Pemahaman tentang kedaulatan di Malaysia masih bersifat terpecah-pecah dan tidak konsisten dari segi epistemologi, hasil daripada kewujudan pelbagai paradigma seperti paradigma Westphalia klasik, kerangka legalistik Hobbesian, pendekatan pragmatik serta warisan kolonial. Kerancuan ini menggambarkan kebergantungan intelektual terhadap konsep kenegaraan Barat yang seterusnya membataskan keupayaan Malaysia untuk mentakrif dan melaksanakan kedaulatan secara autentik. Perbincangan ini menggesa satu penilaian semula dan pembinaan semula konsep kedaulatan berasaskan epistemologi tempatan dan etos ketamadunan bangsa. Dengan mengembalikan kebebasan intelektual untuk mentakrif kedaulatan menurut pandangan alam sendiri, Malaysia dapat membentuk kerangka kuasa nasional yang lebih tuntas, berdaulat, dan berdaya saing dalam tatanan dunia global.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><em>This opening speech was delivered at the 3rd National Power Dialogue organised by IRIS Institute on May 7, 2025. It critically examines the conceptual foundations of sovereignty in Malaysia through the lens of the national power framework. Malaysia’s understanding of sovereignty remains theoretically fragmented and epistemologically inconsistent, shaped by the coexistence of multiple paradigms namely classical Westphalian, Hobbesian-legalistic, pragmatic, and inherited colonial frameworks. This reflects an intellectual dependency on Western notions of statehood, which constrains Malaysia’s capacity to define and exercise sovereignty authentically. The discussion calls for a re-examination and reconstruction of the concept of kedaulatan grounded in indigenous epistemology and the nation’s civilizational ethos. By reclaiming the intellectual independence to define sovereignty within Malaysia’s own worldview, the nation can establish a coherent and autonomous framework for national strength, development, and legitimacy in global order.</em></p> Syed Ahmad Israa’ Syed Ibrahim Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Strategic Studies https://www.ijistra.com/journal/article/view/104 Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Konsep Kedaulatan Menurut Sejarah Melayu https://www.ijistra.com/journal/article/view/105 <p>Makalah ini menelusuri semula konsep kedaulatan menurut pengalaman sejarah Alam Melayu dengan memberi tumpuan kepada sumber perundangan, hikayat, adat istiadat dan teks sejarah. Kajian mendapati bahawa konsep kedaulatan dalam tradisi Melayu tidak hanya berasaskan kuasa mutlak raja terhadap rakyat, tetapi turut membawa dimensi amanah dan tanggungjawab terhadap Tuhan serta masyarakat. Teks seperti Hukum Kanun Melaka dan Undang-undang Tubuh Terengganu memperlihatkan bahawa raja dilihat sebagai pemegang amanah ilahi yang wajib menegakkan keadilan berasaskan syariat Islam. Sementara itu, hikayat dan adat Melayu menunjukkan hubungan kedaulatan dengan nilai moral, legitimasi politik dan keharmonian antara adat dan syarak. Oleh itu, kedaulatan Melayu wajar difahami sebagai satu bentuk kedaulatan pengamanahan yang berteraskan keadilan, bukan semata-mata kedaulatan mutlak berasaskan kekuasaan.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><em>This article revisits the concept of sovereignty through the historical experience of the Malay world, focusing on legal sources, classical texts, customs, and historical narratives. The study finds that sovereignty in the Malay tradition is not solely grounded in the absolute power of the ruler over the people, but also encompasses the dimensions of divine trust (amanah) and responsibility toward God and society. Texts such as the Hukum Kanun Melaka and Undang-Undang Tubuh Terengganu illustrate that the ruler was regarded as a bearer of divine trust, obliged to uphold justice in accordance with Islamic law. Meanwhile, Malay chronicles and customs reveal that sovereignty was closely tied to moral values, political legitimacy, and the harmony between adat (custom) and syarak (Islamic law). Hence, Malay sovereignty should be understood as a form of entrusted sovereignty founded upon justice, rather than as an absolute sovereignty based solely on power.</em></p> Mohd Zul Fahmi bin Md Bahruddin Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Strategic Studies https://www.ijistra.com/journal/article/view/105 Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Menilai Semula Asas Kedaulatan Malaysia: Antara Warisan Raja-raja Melayu dan Diplomasi https://www.ijistra.com/journal/article/view/106 <p>Artikel ini menilai semula asas kedaulatan Malaysia dengan menelusuri kesinambungan sejarah kenegaraan Melayu yang mendahului penjajahan Barat, serta menekankan peranan institusi Raja-Raja Melayu dan strategi diplomasi sebagai instrumen utama dalam mempertahankan maruah dan wilayah. Melalui analisis sejarah, prinsip undang-undang antarabangsa seperti <em>uti possidetis juris</em>, serta pendekatan diplomatik yang digunakan oleh kerajaan-kerajaan Melayu terdahulu, artikel ini menyoroti bagaimana kedaulatan Malaysia terbina atas landasan yang jauh lebih mendalam daripada tarikh kemerdekaan 1957 semata-mata. Dalam konteks geopolitik semasa, termasuk isu Laut China Selatan, Batu Puteh (<em>Pedra Branca</em>), dan tuntutan Sabah, peneguhan semula naratif sejarah dan diplomasi Melayu menjadi penting sebagai asas kekuatan negara. Artikel ini mencadangkan bahawa warisan Nusantara dan kebijaksanaan diplomatik Melayu harus terus dijadikan rujukan dalam dasar luar dan strategi mempertahankan kedaulatan negara.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><em>This article re-evaluates the foundations of Malaysia’s sovereignty by tracing the continuity of Malay statehood that predates Western colonisation and emphasises the role of the Malay Rulers and diplomatic strategies as key instruments in defending dignity and territorial integrity. Through historical analysis, principles of international law such as uti possidetis juris, and the diplomatic approaches used by earlier Malay polities, the article highlights how Malaysia’s sovereignty is built upon a foundation far deeper than the 1957 independence date alone. In the current geopolitical context, including the South China Sea, Pedra Branca (Batu Puteh), and Sabah claims, the reaffirmation of historical narratives and Malay diplomacy becomes crucial as a pillar of national strength. This article argues that the Nusantara heritage and the diplomatic wisdom of the Malays should continue to serve as references in foreign policy and in strategies to safeguard national sovereignty.</em></p> Prof. Madya Dr. Mohd Hazmi Mohd Rusli, Prof. Dr. Dhiana Puspitawati Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Strategic Studies https://www.ijistra.com/journal/article/view/106 Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Konsep Kedaulatan dalam Kertas Putih Pertahanan Malaysia https://www.ijistra.com/journal/article/view/107 <p>Kajian ini menganalisis konsep kedaulatan dalam Kertas Putih Pertahanan (KPP) yang diterbitkan Kementerian Pertahanan Malaysia. Terdapat tiga persoalan besar yang dianalisis iaitu: (1) Apakah konsep kedaulatan yang difahami di Malaysia? (2) Sejauh mana konsep kedaulatan telah dibangunkan dalam bidang-bidang strategik di Malaysia? (3) Apakah permasalahan konsep kedaulatan dalam bidang-bidang strategik di Malaysia? Penilaian ringkas yang dilakukan dalam kajian ini adalah secara khusus ke atas sektor industri pertahanan tempatan yang dihujahkan sebagai sektor kritikal yang ketinggalan untuk memelihara kedaulatan negara.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><em>This paper analyses the concept of sovereignty as articulated in the Defence White Paper (DWP) published by the Malaysian Ministry of Defence. It addresses three central questions: (1) What is the concept of sovereignty as understood in Malaysia? (2) To what extent has the concept of sovereignty been developed within Malaysia’s strategic domains? (3) What are the conceptual challenges of sovereignty in Malaysia’s strategic sectors? The analysis presented in this paper specifically focuses on the domestic defence industry, which is argued to be a critical yet lagging sector in safeguarding national sovereignty.</em></p> Dr. Abdul Muein Bin Abadi Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Strategic Studies https://www.ijistra.com/journal/article/view/107 Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Krisis Kelahiran Nasional: Antara Peralihan Peranan Wanita dari Pembinaan Generasi Masa Hadapan kepada Tenaga Kerja Negara https://www.ijistra.com/journal/article/view/108 <p>Trend penurunan kadar kelahiran di Malaysia semakin ketara dari tahun ke tahun, sehingga berada di bawah paras penggantian. Fenomena ini menggusarkan semua pihak kerana menyebabkan pengecilan populasi, meningkatkan jurang antara generasi, serta menjejaskan kesinambungan kepimpinan negara pada masa hadapan. Peningkatan penyertaan wanita dalam tenaga buruh turut memberi kesan terhadap penurunan kadar kelahiran, apabila sebahagian wanita memilih untuk menangguhkan perkahwinan, menunda kehamilan pertama, atau menolak konsep memiliki anak dalam perkahwinan. Fokus terhadap kerjaya dan ekonomi keluarga sering kali menyebabkan keutamaan terhadap peranan melahirkan, mendidik dan membesarkan anak berkurangan. Akhirnya menyumbang kepada penurunan kadar kesuburan keseluruhan (TFR). Oleh itu, pengembalian peranan wanita sebagai Rabbatul Bait dan Madrasatul Ula wajar diperkasakan sebagai langkah menyokong keseimbangan peranan wanita dalam institusi keluarga. Inisiatif ini memerlukan perhatian serius daripada kerajaan melalui pembinaan dasar pemerkasaan wanita dan menilai semula sistem kiraan pendapatan isi rumah agar tidak memberi tekanan kepada wanita. Di samping itu, peranan NGO dan masyarakat dalam menyediakan sistem sokongan yang mampan untuk wanita agar dapat memastikan institusi keluarga kembali berpaksikan fitrah Islam yang sebenar.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><em>Declining birth rate trend in Malaysia has become increasingly evident year after year, falling below the replacement level. This phenomenon is a growing concern for all parties, as it leads to population shrinkage, widens the intergenerational gap, and threatens the continuity of national leadership in the future. The increasing participation of women in the labour force has also contributed to the decline in birth rates, as some women choose to delay marriage, postpone their first pregnancy, or reject the idea of having children within marriage. The prioritisation of career advancement and family economic stability often results in diminishing emphasis on women’s roles in bearing, nurturing, and raising children, ultimately contributing to the overall decline in the Total Fertility Rate (TFR). Therefore, the revitalisation of women’s roles as Rabbatul Bait and Madrasatul Ula should be strengthened as a means to support a balanced understanding of women’s responsibilities within the family institution. This initiative requires serious attention from the government through the formulation of women’s empowerment policies and the reassessment of household income calculations to prevent undue pressure on women. In addition, the roles of NGOs and the community are vital in providing a sustainable support system for women to ensure that the family institution realigns with the true Islamic fitrah.</em></p> Aisyah binti Abdullah Zaik, Rahimah Jurij Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Strategic Studies https://www.ijistra.com/journal/article/view/108 Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000